Midterm is December 19th and counts for 10% of your grade for the year.
Please complete:
Chapter 1, The Science of Biology, p.31
Chapter 2, The Chemistry of life, p.59
Chapter 7, Cell Structure and Function, p.223
Chapter 8, Photosynthesis, p.247
Chapter 9, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation, p.271
Chapter 10, Cell Growth and Division, p. 303
Chapter 11, Introduction to Genetics, p.335
Chapter 12, DNA, p.359
Chapter 13, RNA and Protein Synthesis, p.389
Chapter 14, Human Heredity, p.415
Chapter 15, Genetic Engineering, p.445
Answers:
p. 31
1. a
2. c
3. a
4. a
5. c
6. a
7. c
8. d
9. In a controlled experiment, a scientific hypothesis is tested by keeping all variables unchanged except for one. The variable that is deliberately changed is called the independent variable, and it should be the only factor that is different between the control group and the experimental group.
p.59
1. d
2. b
3. c
4. a
5. d
6. c
7. c
8. c
9. d
10. Properties of water that make it such a unique substance include the polarity of its molecules, which allows them to form hydrogen bonds with each other. Because of these properties, water exhibits cohesion, adhesion, high heat capacity, and the ability to dissolve many substances.
p.223
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. d
5. b
6. d
7. a
8. d
9. a
10. d
11. A typical cell in fresh water will take in water, swell, and may burst.
p.247
1. d
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. c
6. d
7. c
8. d
9. b
10. d
11. Light is absorbed by electrons in pigments, increasing the electrons' energy level These high-energy electrons are used in the light-dependent reactions to convert ADP and NADP+ into the molecules ATP and NADPH. In the light-independent reactions, ATP and NADPH are then used to produce high-energy sugars.
p.271
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. d
7. d
8. a
9. c
10. c
11. During a 30-second race, a runner gets energy from the small amounts of ATP already in the muscles and from ATP produced by lactic acid fermentation. This process does not depend on oxygen, and, therefore, is anaerobic. During a 5-kilometer race, the only way for the runner to continue generating a supply of ATP is through cellular respiration. Because cellular respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen, this process is aerobic.
p.303
1. d
2. c
3. c
4. b.
5. a
6. c
7. a
8. a
9. a
10. d
11. Careful regulation of the cell cycle ensures that each cell in a multicellular organism grows, divides, and stops dividing, or dies appropriately. If cell cycle regulation goes awry, then diseases such as cancer can result.
p.335
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. c
5. d
6. b
7. d
8. b
9. d
10. By reducing the number of chromosomes in gametes to one half the diploid number, fertilization will restore the diploid number when the gametes fuse.
p.359
1. b
2. c
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. c
11. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is tightly wound and coiled around proteins and coiled again and again to form chromosomes. This means that a very large amount of DNA can be stored in a small space.
p.389
1. c
2. c
3. b
4. d
5. a
6. c
7. c
8. d
9. The lac repressor system controls the production of enzymes needed to digest lactose. When lactose is absent and the enzymes are not needed, repressor proteins turn off the genes, so that the enzymes are not produced. When lactose is present and the enzymes are needed, lactose prevents the repressor proteins from turning off the genes, so that enzymes are produced.
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. d
7. c
8. b
9. d
10. It is harmful in homozygous individuals because all of their hemoglobin has the defective form of the protein and the resulting defective red blood cells do not function normally, causing clots that can damage tissues. It is beneficial in heterozygous individuals because they are generally healthy and being carriers of the trait makes them resistant to the malaria parasite.
p.445
1. b
2. d
3. c
4. c
5. d
6. a
7. d
8. a
9. a
10. Bacteria are able to make proteins when a human gene is inserted into them because the genetic code is universal. Proteins are made up of amino acids, and DNA codes for the amino acids of a protein. A DNA sequence, such as ATG, specifies a certain amino acid. It doesn't matter if the cell is a bacterial cell or a human cell; it will interpret the code in the same way.
Please complete:
Chapter 1, The Science of Biology, p.31
Chapter 2, The Chemistry of life, p.59
Chapter 7, Cell Structure and Function, p.223
Chapter 8, Photosynthesis, p.247
Chapter 9, Cellular Respiration and Fermentation, p.271
Chapter 10, Cell Growth and Division, p. 303
Chapter 11, Introduction to Genetics, p.335
Chapter 12, DNA, p.359
Chapter 13, RNA and Protein Synthesis, p.389
Chapter 14, Human Heredity, p.415
Chapter 15, Genetic Engineering, p.445
Answers:
p. 31
1. a
2. c
3. a
4. a
5. c
6. a
7. c
8. d
9. In a controlled experiment, a scientific hypothesis is tested by keeping all variables unchanged except for one. The variable that is deliberately changed is called the independent variable, and it should be the only factor that is different between the control group and the experimental group.
p.59
1. d
2. b
3. c
4. a
5. d
6. c
7. c
8. c
9. d
10. Properties of water that make it such a unique substance include the polarity of its molecules, which allows them to form hydrogen bonds with each other. Because of these properties, water exhibits cohesion, adhesion, high heat capacity, and the ability to dissolve many substances.
p.223
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. d
5. b
6. d
7. a
8. d
9. a
10. d
11. A typical cell in fresh water will take in water, swell, and may burst.
p.247
1. d
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. c
6. d
7. c
8. d
9. b
10. d
11. Light is absorbed by electrons in pigments, increasing the electrons' energy level These high-energy electrons are used in the light-dependent reactions to convert ADP and NADP+ into the molecules ATP and NADPH. In the light-independent reactions, ATP and NADPH are then used to produce high-energy sugars.
p.271
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. d
7. d
8. a
9. c
10. c
11. During a 30-second race, a runner gets energy from the small amounts of ATP already in the muscles and from ATP produced by lactic acid fermentation. This process does not depend on oxygen, and, therefore, is anaerobic. During a 5-kilometer race, the only way for the runner to continue generating a supply of ATP is through cellular respiration. Because cellular respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen, this process is aerobic.
p.303
1. d
2. c
3. c
4. b.
5. a
6. c
7. a
8. a
9. a
10. d
11. Careful regulation of the cell cycle ensures that each cell in a multicellular organism grows, divides, and stops dividing, or dies appropriately. If cell cycle regulation goes awry, then diseases such as cancer can result.
p.335
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. c
5. d
6. b
7. d
8. b
9. d
10. By reducing the number of chromosomes in gametes to one half the diploid number, fertilization will restore the diploid number when the gametes fuse.
p.359
1. b
2. c
3. c
4. a
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. c
11. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is tightly wound and coiled around proteins and coiled again and again to form chromosomes. This means that a very large amount of DNA can be stored in a small space.
p.389
1. c
2. c
3. b
4. d
5. a
6. c
7. c
8. d
9. The lac repressor system controls the production of enzymes needed to digest lactose. When lactose is absent and the enzymes are not needed, repressor proteins turn off the genes, so that the enzymes are not produced. When lactose is present and the enzymes are needed, lactose prevents the repressor proteins from turning off the genes, so that enzymes are produced.
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. d
7. c
8. b
9. d
10. It is harmful in homozygous individuals because all of their hemoglobin has the defective form of the protein and the resulting defective red blood cells do not function normally, causing clots that can damage tissues. It is beneficial in heterozygous individuals because they are generally healthy and being carriers of the trait makes them resistant to the malaria parasite.
p.445
1. b
2. d
3. c
4. c
5. d
6. a
7. d
8. a
9. a
10. Bacteria are able to make proteins when a human gene is inserted into them because the genetic code is universal. Proteins are made up of amino acids, and DNA codes for the amino acids of a protein. A DNA sequence, such as ATG, specifies a certain amino acid. It doesn't matter if the cell is a bacterial cell or a human cell; it will interpret the code in the same way.